Does Cancer Smell?

Todd W Franzen

March 22, 2023

Can Smell Be Used to Diagnose Cancer? Here’s What You Need to Know

Cancer is a broad and general topic that can be difficult to discuss. Many people have been affected by this disease, either personally or through someone they know. One aspect that may not be as well-known is whether cancer has a smell.

In this article, we will explore the question of “What does cancer smell like?” and can this sense helps doctors diagnose cancer. Additionally, we will look at how dogs can help with cancer detection.

Blurred photo of a dog's nose with the text Does Cancer Smell?
Does Cancer Smell?

The Science of Cancer Smell

Research has shown that cancer cells produce unique compounds that are detected through the sense of smell. These compounds, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are produced as cancer cells break down molecules in the body. The odor of cancer can vary depending on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the individual’s unique biochemistry. Scientists are continuing to study VOCs to better understand their role in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Dogs, or K-9s, can also detect the specific odor of cancer in a person’s body and bodily fluids. Cancer cells, or healthy cells affected by cancer, produce and release certain chemicals called “odor signatures” that have a unique scent. Dogs have an amazing sense of smell that allows them to sniff out these compounds. They can be trained to recognize the odor signatures of cancer and alert their handlers of a positive response. In turn, this can people can get the medical attention they need.

The Nose Knows

While humans aren’t able to detect the subtle smells associated with cancer, dogs are being trained to do so. These specially-trained dogs can detect the unique odor of cancer in samples of urine, breath, and even sweat. Studies have shown that dogs can detect cancer with a high degree of accuracy, even in its early stages. While the use of dogs in cancer detection is still in the early stages, it holds promise as a non-invasive and cost-effective method of diagnosis.

Does Cancer Smell Video

The Potential of Electronic Noses

Electronic noses are devices that use sensors to detect the unique VOCs associated with cancer. While still in development, these devices have shown promise in detecting various types of cancer. Electronic noses have the potential to provide a non-invasive, fast, and cost-effective method of diagnosis. However, more research is needed to refine these devices and make them widely available.

The Role of Smell in Cancer Diagnosis

The sense of smell can provide valuable information for doctors in the diagnosis of cancer. The use of VOC analysis and electronic noses can complement other diagnostic methods, such as imaging and biopsies. More research is needed to validate these methods and make them part of standard cancer diagnosis protocols.

Understanding the Emotional Impact

The diagnosis of cancer can be an emotional and difficult experience for patients and their families. The use of smell as a diagnostic tool may add another layer of complexity to an already challenging situation. Healthcare professionals need to approach the use of smell in cancer diagnosis with sensitivity and empathy.

How Does Cancer Smell?

Cancer does not have a distinct smell that can be easily detected. However, certain chemical compounds are produced by cancer cells that can be detected by dogs and other animals with a highly sensitive sense of smell. These compounds are known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and they are produced by the metabolic processes of cancer cells.

How Can Smell Help Diagnose Cancer?

Humans may not be able to detect the VOCs that are produced, dogs and other animals with a highly sensitive sense of smell can. This has led to the development of new diagnostic tests that use dogs or other animals to sniff out the chemical compounds produced by cancer cells.

These tests are still in the early stages of development, but they show promise as a non-invasive and highly accurate way to diagnose cancer.

Can Dogs Smell Cancer?

Dogs have a powerful sense of smell, and their noses have been used to detect everything from drugs to explosives. But can they also detect cancer? Some studies suggest that they can. In fact, there are now specially trained cancer detection dogs that are used in hospitals and clinics to help diagnose cancer in patients.

These dogs are trained to sniff out the chemical compounds that are produced by cancer cells, and they are highly accurate in their diagnoses.

Click Here to read the white paper about Breast Cancer Detection by Dog Sniffing.

Can Humans Smell Cancer?

Humans do not have a sense of smell that is sensitive enough to detect the VOCs produced by cancer cells. However, there is some anecdotal reports of people claiming something unusual on the breath or skin of patients. It is unclear whether these reports are accurate or if they are simply a result of heightened awareness of cancer symptoms. But it doesn’t surprise me.

What Are The Limitations Of Using Smell To Diagnose Cancer?

Although the use of smell to diagnose cancer shows promise, there are still some limitations to this approach. For one, not all types of cancer produce the same VOCs, so it may be difficult to develop a single test that can detect all types of cancer. Additionally, the accuracy of these tests may depend on several factors, including the training of the animals and the conditions in which the tests are conducted.

Final Thoughts…

In conclusion, the use of smell to diagnose cancer is a promising new approach that shows potential for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment. While there are still limitations to this approach, the development of new diagnostic tests using dogs or other animals with a highly sensitive sense of smell could lead to significant improvements in cancer care.

While the idea of cancer having a distinct smell may seem strange, research has shown that it is a real phenomenon. The sense of smell has the potential to provide valuable information for doctors in the diagnosis, and the use of dogs and electronic noses holds promise for the future.

What I find exciting is how sensory technology can sense the most minuscule odors and pheromones. Or what about AI (Artificial intelligence) assisting in cancer diagnoses with the help of new and unimagined diagnostic sensory inventions? Just a thought… -T

FAQs:

Q: Can Cancer Always Be Detected By Smell?

A: No, the use of smell in cancer detection is still in the early stages of research and development. While promising, more work is needed to refine and validate these methods.

Q: How do Dogs Detect Cancer?

A: Dogs are trained to detect the unique VOCs associated with cancer in samples of urine, breath, and sweat.

Q: Are there any risks associated with the use of electronic noses in cancer diagnosis?

A: The use of electronic noses is a non-invasive and safe method of diagnosis.

Q: Can Humans Smell Cancer?

A: No, humans do not have a sense of smell that is sensitive enough to detect the volatile organic compounds produced by cancer cells.

Q: Are there any limitations to using dogs to detect cancer?

A: Yes, not all types of cancer produce the same VOCs, and the accuracy of these tests may depend on a number of factors.

Q: Can Smell Tests Replace Other Diagnostic Tests for Cancer?

A: Not yet. While the use of smell tests shows promise, they are still in the early stages of development and may not be accurate enough to replace other diagnostic tests

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Todd W Franzen


I am a two-time Hodgkin's lymphoma survivor with 17 years of documented cancer survivorship experience that spans multiple treatment eras. My journey began in November 2009 with a Stage 4B diagnosis at age 33, and continued through recurrence and treatment in 2019-2021. This rare longitudinal perspective—living through two complete treatment cycles a decade apart—gives me comparative insight into cancer care evolution that no single medical professional can replicate.

MY TREATMENT EXPERIENCE

First Treatment Cycle (2009-2010)
• 12 infusions of ABVD Chemotherapy over 6 months
• 2 infusions of ICE Chemotherapy (4-day infusions)
• 1 infusion of BEAM Chemotherapy
• 1 Autologous Stem-Cell Transplant
• 8 PET Scans
• 6 CT Scans

Second Treatment Cycle (2019-2021)
• 2 infusions of Brentuximab and Bendamustine
(Severe allergic reaction to Brentuximab — hives)
• 25 rounds of Radiation to Mediastinum (46RAD combined)
• 4 infusions of Keytruda Immunotherapy
• 2 infusions of IGEV Chemotherapy (5-day infusions)
• 1 Total Body Radiation (2RAD)
• 1 Sibling Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplant
• 6 PET Scans
• 6 CT Scans

COMPARATIVE EXPERTISE

Surviving two stem-cell transplants—one autologous, one sibling allogeneic—across different decades of cancer treatment has given me firsthand experience with nearly every major modality in lymphoma care: combination chemotherapy, salvage chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation protocols, and both types of stem-cell transplantation. I've experienced treatment side effects from the "standard" ABVD era through the modern immunotherapy period.

This comparative expertise matters for survivors. Treatment protocols in 2009 looked very different from 2019, and the long-term survivorship implications are still emerging. Doctors treat; survivors live with the aftermath. I've done both—twice.

CREDENTIALS & PROJECTS

• Founder: Strap In For Life 501(c)(3) nonprofit
• Author: Internal Architect: A Cancer Survivor's Memoir
• Licensed Insurance Agent (practical healthcare system navigation)
• 17-year cancer survivor documenting the journey since 2008

WHAT I WRITE ABOUT

Cancer survivorship doesn't end when treatment stops—it's when the real reconstruction begins. My blog covers:
• Practical survivorship (relationships, careers, identity)
• Treatment experience insights (what they don't tell you)
• Long-term effects and secondary health considerations
• Mental health and emotional reconstruction
• Healthcare system navigation

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